Obstructive sleep apnoea may be linked to low bone mineral density in adults, according to US research.
The findings are crucial for individuals with sleep apneoa, as low bone mineral density is an indicator of osteoporosis—a condition in which bones become weak and brittle. In addition to increasing the risk of fractures, low bone mineral density also impacts oral health, causing teeth to become loose and dental implants to fail.
The University at Buffalo-led study was published in CRANIO: The Journal of Craniomandibular and Sleep Practice.
The researchers used cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to measure bone density in the head and neck of 38 adult participants, half of whom had obstructive sleep apnoea.
When controlling for age, sex and weight, the participants with obstructive sleep apnoea had significantly lower bone mineral density than the participants without the condition.
Obstructive sleep apnoea, which is characterised by difficulty breathing while asleep, can cause hypoxia (low levels of oxygen in the body), inflammation, oxidative stress and shortened breathing patterns. Each of these symptoms may have a chronic negative effect on bone metabolism and, ultimately, bone density.
“While the link between obstructive sleep apnoea and low bone mineral density has yet to be fully explored, this study offers new evidence on their connection that could have several implications for orthodontic treatment,” senior author Dr Thikriat Al-Jewair said.
“If a patient has been diagnosed with sleep apnoea, this can influence treatment planning and management. CBCT imaging has become an integral part of daily orthodontic practice and could be used as a screening tool for low bone mineral density.
“Orthodontists could then inform their patients of their propensity for low bone mineral density and encourage them to seek further consultation with their physician, as well as warn the patient of possible adverse outcomes, increased risks and effects on treatment time.”
